The following resources include content related to antiracist methods, structural racism, and intersectionality.
Categories | Title | Summary | Link | hf:doc_categories | hf:doc_tags | hf:doc_author |
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Grey Literature | “Beyond the Boxes” blog series from the Interdisciplinary Association for Population Health Sciences | This post is the final entry in our series about the use of race and ethnicity in population health research. Our previous posts have detailed information around defining, measuring, coding, and analyzing data on race and ethnicity. | grey-literature | data-equity data-quality diversity equity peer-review public-population-health research-design structural-racism | ||
Grey Literature | 3 Principles for an Antiracist, Equitable State Response to COVID-19 – and a Stronger Recovery | For states to move toward antiracist, equitable, and inclusive policies that build an economic recovery that extends to all people, three principles should guide state policymakers in these equity efforts. | grey-literature | antiracist-methods equity political-determinants-of-health public-population-health social-determinants-of-health structural-racism | cortney-sanders erica-williams michael-leachman | |
Grey Literature | A Primer on Community Power, Place, and Structural Change | At the root of structural issues is powerlessness. This primer examines how health equity can be achieved through a community power-building approach to structural change. | grey-literature | community-driven-research health-equity political-determinants-of-health public-population-health social-justice | ||
Grey Literature, Tools & Trainings | A Racial Equity Framework for Assessing Health Policy | The Racial Equity and Policy (REAP) framework provides a conceptually sound, empirically grounded basis for systematically assessing racial equity in health policy | grey-literature educational-materials | analytic-tools health-equity impact-assessment political-determinants-of-health public-population-health structural-racism | ||
Peer-Reviewed Literature | A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Health Literacy Interventions among Spanish Speaking Populations in the United States | While many populations struggle with health literacy, those who speak Spanish preferentially or exclusively, including Hispanic, immigrant, or migrant populations, may face particular barriers, as they navigate a predominantly English-language healthcare system. This population also faces greater morbidity and mortality from treatable chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes. The aim of this systematic review was to describe existing health literacy interventions for patients with a Spanish-language preference and present their effectiveness. | peer-reviewed-literature | community-engagement health-equity social-determinants-of-health | ||
Tools & Trainings | A Toolkit for Centering Racial Equity Throughout Data Integration | This work seeks to shift awareness and practice by centering racial equity and community voice within the context of data integration and use that supports power sharing and building across agencies and community members. | educational-materials | community-engagement data-equity data-governance data-infrastructure data-quality data-sharing data-sources equity open-science predictive-analytics-and-modeling research-design research-governance structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation | ||
Tools & Trainings | A Vision for Equitable Data: Recommendations from the Equitable Data Working Group | This report explains the Executive Order on Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government (“Equity EO”) launched a whole-of-government effort to incorporate the principle of equity throughout the federal government. Recognizing that the ability to conduct equity assessments and identify and remove barriers to equitable access to government programs is contingent on gathering the necessary data, President Biden ordered the formation of the Equitable Data Working Group. The President directed the Working Group to study existing federal data collection policies, programs, and infrastructure to identify inadequacies and provide recommendations that lay out a strategy for increasing data available for measuring equity and representing the diversity of the American people. The following recommendations are then discussed: make disaggregated data the norm while protecting privacy; catalyze existing federal infrastructure to leverage underused data; build capacity for robust equity assessment for policymaking and program implementation; galvanize diverse partnerships across levels of government and the research community; and be accountable to the American public. Key administration actions that address each of the recommendations are described. | educational-materials | data-equity data-governance data-infrastructure data-sharing intersectionality minority-serving-institution sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity workforce-diversity | ||
Multimedia | Abolish Big Data | Yeshimabeit Milner, founder and executive director of Data for Black Lives, calls for rejecting the concentration of Big Data in the hands of a few to challenge the structures that allow data to be wielded as a weapon of immense political influence. | media | antiracist-methods big-data community-driven-research data-equity data-governance machine-learning political-determinants-of-health predictive-analytics-and-modeling social-determinants-of-health social-justice structural-racism | ||
Tools & Trainings | Accessible Meetings, Events, and Conferences Guide | This resource is the updated, digital version of A Guide to Planning Accessible Meetings, originally published by Independent Living Research Utilization in 1993, written by co?-authors June Isaacson Kailes and Darrell Jones. This version includes regulatory updates along with practical guidance from a host of meeting planning professionals, subject matter experts, and even June Kailes herself. | educational-materials | accessibility assistive-technology disability diversity equity intersectionality | angela-strain darrell-jones june-isaacson-kailes kobena-a-bonney marian-vessels marissa-sanders | |
Tools & Trainings | Advancing Health Equity: Guide on Language, Narrative and Concepts | Designed for physicians and other health care professionals, this document provides guidance and promotes a deeper understanding of equity-focused, person-first language and why it matters. | educational-materials | equity health-equity intersectionality public-population-health social-determinants-of-health structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation | ||
Tools & Trainings | An Accessibility Checklist for Virtual Events | The goal of this accessibility resource page is to provide information and resources on how to create and maintain an inclusive environment that is accessible to those with disabilities. | educational-materials | accessibility assistive-technology diversity health-equity information-design structural-racism workforce-diversity | yabsera-faris | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Antiracism and Community-Based Participatory Research: Synergies, Challenges, and Opportunities | This article highlights synergies between antiracist principles and community-based participatory research (CBPR), examines the potential for CBPR to promote antiracist research and praxis, illustrates structural barriers to antiracist CBPR praxis, and offers examples of CBPR actions taken to disrupt structural racism. It also provides recommendations for the next generation of antiracist CBPR. | peer-reviewed-literature | academic-incentives antiracist-methods community-based-participatory-research community-driven-research data-equity decolonizing-methods diversity equity intersectionality research-funding research-governance structural-racism | amy-j-schulz angela-g-reyes barbara-a-israel ella-greene-moton kent-d-key lisa-cacari-stone melissa-s-creary nina-wallerstein paul-j-fleming | |
Grey Literature | Are Your Data Visualizations Racist? | To unlock the full potential of data, researchers and analysts must consider and apply equity at every step of the research process. Ensuring responsible data collection, representing the communities surveyed accurately, and incorporating community input whenever possible will lead to more equitable data analyses and visualizations. Although there is no one-size-fits-all approach to working with data, for researchers to truly do no harm, they must build their work on a foundation of empathy. This article details three ways you can make your data analysis and communication more equitable and inclusive. | grey-literature | data-equity data-visualization decolonizing-methods equity information-design structural-racism | alice-feng jonathan-schwabish | |
Tools & Trainings | Awake to Woke to Work: Building a Race Equity Culture | While each organization will follow its own path towards a Race Equity Culture, our research suggests that all organizations go through a cycle of change as they transform from a white dominant culture to a Race Equity Culture. | educational-materials | analytic-tools equity organizational-change structural-racism systems-thinking team-science workforce-diversity | equity-in-the-center | |
Tools and toolkits | Best practices in equity, diversity and inclusion in research practice and design | … | tools-and-toolkits | data-equity disability diversity equity intersectionality research-governance social-justice translation-dissemination-implementation workforce-diversity | ||
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Beyond Making a Statement: An Intersectional Framing of the Power and Possibilities in Positioning | In this essay, two women of Color researchers examine the intersections of race and disability and ask, ?What is the power and purpose of positioning and positionality statements?? Informed by Black feminist theory, and drawing from the DisCrit tenets of intersectional oppressions, historicity, and whiteness and ability as property, the authors focus on researchers? positioning in relation to how they engage and communicate knowledge about multiply marginalized people. | peer-reviewed-literature | decolonizing-methods disability hsr-workforce-development intersectionality translation-dissemination-implementation | mildred-boveda subini-ancy-annamma | |
Grey Literature | Building a Better Evidence Base to Address the Social Determinants of Health | A recent literature review revealed most studies of social need interventions were poorly designed, inadequately documented, and inconsistently presented. In this post, Robert Dubois of the National Pharmaceutical Council, an AcademyHealth Organizational Member, outlines the state of the research and provides recommendations to improve study design quality. | grey-literature | data-quality human-centered-design-2 research-design social-determinants-of-health translation-dissemination-implementation | robert-w-dubois | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Building an Equitable Future Through Data Disaggregation | This expert roundtable focuses on how the disaggregation of data, especially race and ethnicity data, can improve equity. | peer-reviewed-literature | analytic-tools community-engagement data-quality data-sharing health-equity human-centered-design-2 intersectionality public-population-health social-determinants-of-health | maya-berry meeta-anand rosalind-gold terry-ao-minnis tina-j-kauh | |
Multimedia | Building Trust After Causing Harm | Christopher F. Koller, President of the Milbank Memorial Fund, Lillie Tyson Head, President of VFOFLF, and Pamela Browner White, Chief Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Officer and Senior Vice President of Communications at the American Board of Internal Medicine and the ABIM Foundation, spoke about the importance of building trust by acknowledging past harm, committing to do better, and partnering for the long term to improve trust in the health system. | media | decolonizing-methods diversity equity organizational-change public-population-health structural-racism | abim-foundation | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Call to Action: Structural Racism as a Fundamental Driver of Health Disparities: A Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association | Structural racism has been and remains a fundamental cause of persistent health disparities in the United States. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the police killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and multiple others have been reminders that structural racism persists and restricts the opportunities for long, healthy lives of Black Americans and other historically disenfranchised groups. The American Heart Association has previously published statements addressing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk and disparities among racial and ethnic groups in the United States, but these statements have not adequately recognized structural racism as a fundamental cause of poor health and disparities in cardiovascular disease. This presidential advisory reviews the historical context, current state, and potential solutions to address structural racism in our country. Several principles emerge from our review: racism persists; racism is experienced; and the task of dismantling racism must belong to all of society. It cannot be accomplished by affected individuals alone. The path forward requires our commitment to transforming the conditions of historically marginalized communities, improving the quality of housing and neighborhood environments of these populations, advocating for policies that eliminate inequities in access to economic opportunities, quality education, and health care, and enhancing allyship among racial and ethnic groups. Future research on racism must be accelerated and should investigate the joint effects of multiple domains of racism (structural, interpersonal, cultural, anti-Black). The American Heart Association must look internally to correct its own shortcomings and advance antiracist policies and practices regarding science, public and professional education, and advocacy. With this advisory, the American Heart Association declares its unequivocal support of antiracist principles. | peer-reviewed-literature | health-disparities health-equity racism | ||
Multimedia | Can AI Improve Health Without Perpetuating Bias? | On this week?s episode of The Dose, host Joel Bervell speaks with Dr. Ziad Obermeyer, from the UC Berkeley School of Public Health, about the potential of AI to inform health outcomes ? for better and for worse. | media | analytic-tools big-data data-equity data-quality health-equity innovation machine-learning structural-racism | joel-bervell ziad-obermeye | |
Grey Literature | Charting a Course for an Equity-Centered Data System: Recommendations from the National Commission to Transform Public Health Data Systems | The Commission’s report and recommendations make it clear that in our current system, data on health inequities are divorced from the history and community conditions that shape poor health outcomes. | grey-literature | community-engagement data-democratization data-equity data-governance data-infrastructure data-quality data-sharing data-sources health-equity interoperability research-funding structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation | ||
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Community voice in cross-sector alignment: concepts and strategies from a scoping review of the health collaboration literature | This review provides a characterization and conceptualization of community voice in health-oriented collaborations that provides a new theoretical basis for future research. | peer-reviewed-literature | community-engagement community-driven-research engagement-science impact-assessment public-population-health research-governance social-determinants-of-health translation-dissemination-implementation | aliza-petiwala daniel-lanford glenn-landers karen-minyard | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Conceptualising and constructing diversity through experiences of public and patient involvement in health research | Increasing the accessibility of public and patient involvement (PPI) in health research for people from diverse backgrounds is important for ensuring all voices are heard and represented. | peer-reviewed-literature | community-engagement data-sources diversity health-equity patient-consumer-engagement patient-centeredness research-design research-governance | joanna-reynolds margaret-ogden ruth-beresford | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing Race in Quantitative Health Sciences Research | This paper provides recommendations on how to appropriately engage in scientific inquiry aimed at understanding racial health inequities. Race should not be used as a measure of biologic difference, but as a proxy for exposure to systemic racism. | peer-reviewed-literature | analytic-tools antiracist-methods data-quality data-sources health-equity intersectionality political-determinants-of-health public-population-health research-design social-determinants-of-health structural-racism systems-thinking | ashley-michelle-cannon elle-lett emmanuella-asabor onyebuchi-a-arah sourik-beltran | |
Tools & Trainings | Conducting research through an anti-racism lens | This guide was developed in response to librarians fielding multiple requests from UMN researchers looking to incorporate anti-racism into their research practices. This guide shares racist research systems and practices, followed by resources for mitigating those problematic systems and practices, but we wholeheartedly acknowledge that this guide is not a “solution” to the issues of racism embedded in research. | educational-materials | analytic-tools antiracist-methods artificial-intelligence community-engagement community-driven-research data-democratization data-equity data-governance data-quality data-sources data-visualization decolonizing-methods diversity open-access open-science peer-review research-design structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation workforce-diversity | amy-reigelman shanda-hunt soph-myers-kelley university-of-minnesota-library | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Confronting Institutionalized Racism | The public health community in the United States has made a commitment | peer-reviewed-literature | political-determinants-of-health structural-racism | ||
Grey Literature | Confronting Prejudice Isn’t Enoguh. We Must Eradicate the White Racial Frame | … | grey-literature | antiracist-methods storytelling systemic-racism | ||
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Confronting Structural Racism in Research and Policy Analysis: Charting a Course for Policy Research Institutions | Racial and ethnic disparities figure prominently intomuch of the analysis conducted by | peer-reviewed-literature | antiracist-methods decolonizing-methods equity structural-racism | ||
Grey Literature | COVID-19 data on Native Americans is a “national disgrace.” This scientist is fighting to be counted | … | grey-literature | data-quality health-equity political-determinants-of-health | ||
Multimedia | COVID, White Power, and the Unseeing of Race again | Kimberle Crenshaw invites Barbara Arnwine, Camara Phyllis Jones, Jonathan Metzl, and Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor to ask: What has become of the supposed reckoning with white supremacy since George Floyd?s death? | media | health-equity intersectionality political-determinants-of-health public-population-health social-determinants-of-health social-justice structural-racism | ||
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Cultivating Anti-Racism Allies in Academic Medicine | This article provides fourstrategies for how individuals and institutions can engage in anti-racism allyship: (1) be an upstander duringmicroaggressions, (2) be a sponsor and advocate for physicians of color, (3) acknowledge academic titles andaccomplishments, and (4) challenge the idea of a ??standard fit?? for academic faculty and research. Skills in aca-demic allyship should be taught toallphysicians throughout the educational continuum to mitigate feelings ofisolation that racialized minority physicians frequently experience. | peer-reviewed-literature | accessibility antiracist-methods equity hsr-workforce-development intersectionality organizational-change political-determinants-of-health research-governance structural-racism workforce-diversity | cassandra-d-l-fritz monica-b-vela monica-e-peek shirlene-obuobi | |
Grey Literature | Disabled Students Need Equity, Not Just Access | To challenge our personal & professional ableist biases & practices, we must reframe how we think about disability in higher education, & work not just for access but for equity & inclusion for disabled students. | grey-literature | accessibility disability equity social-determinants-of-health user-centered-design | ||
Grey Literature, Tools & Trainings | Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Health Services and Policy Research: Recommendations to AcademyHealth from the Advisory Group on DEI in HSR | This publication presents the final recommendations of an external advisory group AcademyHealth convened to help shape a sustainable, action-oriented strategy to address diversity, equity, & inclusion in the field | grey-literature educational-materials | antiracist-methods career-advancement data-equity data-quality data-sharing equity hsr-workforce-development organizational-change promotion-tenure research-funding structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation workforce-diversity | ||
Grey Literature | Do No Harm Guide: Additional Perspectives on Data Equity | For this follow-up volume, Do No Harm Guide: Additional Perspectives on Data Equity, we handed the pen to data experts and practitioners whose voices have been traditionally underrepresented. | grey-literature | antiracist-methods community-engagement community-based-participatory-research data-equity data-governance data-quality data-sharing data-visualization decolonizing-methods diversity equity health-equity information-design public-population-health research-design research-funding research-governance social-justice structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation | alice-feng jonathan-schwabish wesley-jenkins | |
Grey Literature | Do No Harm Guide: Applying Equity Awareness in Data Visualization | In this guide and its associated toolkits, we focus on how data practitioners can approach their work through a lens of diversity, equity, and inclusion to encourage thoughtfulness in how analysts work with and present their data. | grey-literature | antiracist-methods community-engagement data-equity data-quality data-visualization diversity equity ethics-review intersectionality research-design structural-racism user-centered-design | ||
Peer reviewed literature | Employer Practices for Integrating People With Disabilities Into the Workplace: A Scoping Review | … | peer-reviewed-literature-2 | accessibility disability diversity innovation political-determinants-of-health workforce-diversity | ||
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Equity as a Guiding Principle for the Public Health Data System | This article examines what it means to use equity as a guiding principle throughout the components and functions of a modern public health data system. | peer-reviewed-literature | accessibility analytic-tools community-engagement data-equity data-science equity health-equity public-population-health translation-dissemination-implementation user-centered-design | anita-chandra christopher-nelson douglas-yeung joie-d-acosta laurie-t-martin nabeel-qureshi tara-blagg | |
Multimedia | Equity Matters Video Library | The ACGME Equity Matters Video Library houses all the individual components of the ACGME Equity Matters curriculum and is accessible to anyone in the medical education community. No CME credit is provided for completion of the library?s resources. To ensure a safe environment, it is recommended that organizations using these videos show them under the proper guidance of a trained facilitator for large viewings. | media | accessibility antiracist-methods disability diversity hsr-workforce-development intersectionality public-population-health structural-racism | the-accreditation-council-for-graduate-medical-education | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Examining racism in health services research: A disciplinary self-critique | This commentary will interrogate the ways we as health services researchers pose our research questions, create methodological approaches, and interpret our findings, and serve as a disciplinary self-critique that will expose how our disciplinary practices are steeped in white supremacy. | peer-reviewed-literature | analytic-tools antiracist-methods community-engagement health-equity hsr-workforce-development political-determinants-of-health research-design social-determinants-of-health structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation | ||
Multimedia | Feature: Racism & Health in U.S. Medicine, a Conversation with Harriet Washington | In a bonus episode of A Health Podyssey, Harriet Washington, author of Medical Apartheid, discusses the history of racism in medicine and research with Vabren Watt of Health Affairs and Aletha Maybank of the AMA. | media | ethics-review health-equity political-determinants-of-health research-governance structural-racism | ||
Peer reviewed literature | Guiding Principles to Address the Impact of Algorithm Bias on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Health Care | … | peer-reviewed-literature-2 | artificial-intelligence community-engagement equity health-equity machine-learning patient-consumer-engagement structural-racism | ||
Grey Literature | Health Disparities at the Intersection of Disability and Gender Identity: A Framework and Literature Review | This article examines the health disparities experienced by transgender people with disabilities. It analyzes the prevalence and types of disabilities among transgender people, examines the health outcomes and social determinants of health among this intersectional population, and makes recommendations for areas of future research. | grey-literature | analytic-tools disability health-equity human-centered-design-2 intersectionality public-population-health social-determinants-of-health | carly-a-myers | |
Tools & Trainings | Health Equity Policy Toolkit: A Movement for Justice | ASTHO?s Health Equity toolkit is part of this work, to help public health leaders navigate the policy process and address health inequities by building diverse and inclusive coalitions. Tools discussed in this guide are designed to support a wide range of policy changes that can promote health equity. | educational-materials | antiracist-methods community-engagement health-equity intersectionality political-determinants-of-health social-determinants-of-health storytelling | association-of-state-and-territorial-health-officials | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Health Equity Tourism: Ravaging the Justice Landscape | This paper explores the rise & consequences of ?health equity tourism?, a phenomenon where previously unengaged investigators pivot into health equity research without developing the necessary scientific expertise for high-quality work. | peer-reviewed-literature | academic-incentives citizen-science community-engagement data-quality decolonizing-methods health-equity hsr-workforce-development intersectionality patient-consumer-engagement promotion-tenure research-funding structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation workforce-diversity | ||
Grey Literature | Healthy People, Healthy States: Promising Practices to Address Health Disparities | This resource is intended to provide state policymakers with a suite of state approaches to address health disparities ? from targeted to cross-agency comprehensive strategies. Each section below comprises best practices and state | grey-literature | accessibility community-engagement data-sharing decolonizing-methods digital-health human-centered-design-2 innovation learning-health-systems patient-centeredness predictive-analytics-and-modeling public-population-health social-determinants-of-health | elaine-chhean josh-rohrer megan-dalessandro nicole-evans sandra-wilkniss | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | How a Public Health Crisis Created an Impetus for Change: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s National Commision to Transform Public Health Data Systems | This expert roundtable focuses on how the COVID-19 pandemic brought to light the serious and pervasive data gaps facing marginalized groups and what cross-cutting themes the panels found in their work. | peer-reviewed-literature | community-engagement data-equity data-governance data-infrastructure data-quality data-sharing disability health-equity intersectionality public-population-health storytelling team-science | javier-robles kathryn-g-schubert melicia-c-whitt-glover monica-mclemore | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | How Structural Racism Works: Racist Policies as a Root Cause of U.S. Racial Health Inequities | In the 5 years since one of us published “#Black LivesMatter — A Challenge to the Medical and Public Health Communities” in the Journal, 1 we have seen a sea change in the recognition of racism as a durable feature of U.S. society and of its high cost in Black lives. Elected officials, corporate leaders, and academics alike use the slogan “Black Lives Matter,” which has also been widely adopted by members of the public, who by the millions protested the extrajudicial killing of George Floyd.2 With this change comes growing recognition that racism has a structural basis and is embedded in long-standing social policy. This framing is captured by the term “structural racism. | peer-reviewed-literature | health-equity political-determinants-of-health social-determinants-of-health structural-racism | ||
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Impact by design: planning your research impact in 7Cs | This article offers a simple, easy to remember framework for designing impactful research. We call this framework: ?The 7Cs of Impact? ? Context, Communities, Constituencies, Challenge, Channels, Communication and Capture. | peer-reviewed-literature | analytic-tools hsr-workforce-development impact-assessment innovation research-design social-determinants-of-health storytelling translation-dissemination-implementation | alexandra-pollitt benedict-wilkinson emma-kinloch jonathan-grant niall-sreenan ross-pow saba-hinrichs-krapels sarah-rawlings | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Implementation Science to Address Health Disparities During the Coronavirus Pandemic | This study discusses three ways in which implementation science can inform efforts to address disparities in COVID deaths: (1) quantify and understand disparities; (2) design equitable interventions; and (3) test, refine, and retest interventions | peer-reviewed-literature | analytic-tools equity implementation-science public-population-health social-determinants-of-health translation-dissemination-implementation | alison-cerezo cassondra-marshall j-deanna-wilson jessica-y-breland john-m-hollier karla-i-galaviz khadijah-breathett mechelle-sanders oscar-gil utibe-r-essien | |
Tools & Trainings | Improving Data on Race and Ethnicity: A Roadmap to Measure and Advance Health Equity | Racial and ethnic health disparities have been documented in the United States for over a century. In 1985 the Heckler Report provided the first national summary of these disparities, leading to the creation of the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health. In the 1990s and 2000s the study of gaps in health care access, utilization, and outcomes by race and ethnicity grew rapidly, but confronted a critical limitation of the available data: the lack of standardized, self-identified race and ethnicity. The COVID-19 pandemic provided stark proof that data limitations are far from being addressed, which has real consequences for the study and practice of public health. Though data have improved since the beginning of the pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention can only identify the race and ethnicity of less than 60% of individuals testing positive for COVID-19 or receiving vaccines, significantly limiting the ability of policymakers and health care stakeholders to measure and improve equity in the pandemic?s effects and mitigation. This Roadmap builds on an earlier report, Federal Action Is Needed to Improve Race and Ethnicity Data in Health Programs,1 in three critical respects. First, it expands on that report?s summary of the current state of race and ethnicity data in health care programs, offering more detail about whether and how race and ethnicity data are collected across a range of insurance programs, federally administered health systems and public health databases. Second, it summarizes a range of barriers to improving collection and use of race and ethnicity data, and identifies general principles for improving the data. Finally, it expands the range of recommendations for improving the data, considering not only actions the federal government could take, but also identifying actions for states and the private sector. To advance these goals, the project team carried out a targeted search for information on the completeness and quality of race and ethnicity data; an environmental scan to identify previous reports summarizing challenges to collection and use of race and ethnicity data; and key informant interviews to better define and understand barriers and opportunities. The environmental scan and informant interviews pointed to a consistent set of barriers faced by health care organizations, including: (1) Legal and privacy concerns around collection and use of race and ethnicity data. (2) Lack of standardized collection procedures and category definitions. (3) Technical barriers to collection and storage of data. (4) Cost of collection and lack of financial incentives or program requirements to collect race and ethnicity data. (5) Lack of staff and resources in health care organizations to analyze and use data once collected. (6) Resistance from patients and clinical providers to collection and use of race and ethnicity data. Despite these challenges, prior reports and data from the key informant interviews pointed to several opportunities to improve collection and use of race and ethnicity data: (1) Highlight early, successful adopters of expanded race and ethnicity data collection. (2) Disseminate existing technical support resources and data standards. (3) Educate patients and providers about the potential of improved race and ethnicity data to improve outcomes and equity. (4) Provide incentives to encourage data collection and finance necessary technology investments and staffing. (5) Where incentives fail to produce action, consider mandates (e.g., require collection to meet certain standards as a condition of participating in federal programs or demonstration projects). (6) Identify existing resources that could be leveraged to improve analysis of health equity until consistent, complete, self-reported race and ethnicity data are available. The report concludes with a series of recommendations for federal and state regulators and legislators, health systems and health insurance companies, and a range of other health sector stakeholders. Recommendations are grouped under the following themes: (1) Improve data collection, storage and transfer systems. (2) Evaluate and expand incentives and requirements to collect. (3) Provide updated technical assistance to stakeholders. (4) Review, clarify and, if necessary, amend regulations. | educational-materials | community-engagement data-infrastructure data-quality data-sources health-equity interoperability patient-privacy workforce-diversity | ||
Multimedia | Improving Health Equity With Data | Our latest episode highlights how the current equity efforts can integrate with established performance management practices. It also discusses how health agencies can use planning documents to integrate equity in health assessments, health improvement plans, strategic plans, and performance management systems. | media | data-democratization data-equity data-quality data-science data-sources health-equity mixed-methods political-determinants-of-health real-world-evidence social-determinants-of-health systems-thinking translation-dissemination-implementation | anna-bradley harry-chen nicole-alexander-scott | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Improving The Measurement of Structural Racism to Achieve Antiracist Health Policy | This article highlights methodological approaches that will move the field forward in its ability to validly measure structural racism for the purposes of achieving health equity | peer-reviewed-literature | analytic-tools antiracist-methods community-engagement data-sources health-equity innovation intersectionality mixed-methods political-determinants-of-health public-population-health social-determinants-of-health structural-racism systems-thinking | brigette-a-davis patricia-a-homan rachel-r-hardeman tongtan-chantarat tyson-h-brown | |
Tools & Trainings | In-Depth Equity Assessment Guide | This tool describes how to conduct intensive equity assessments of existing programs, policies, and processes. The tool first describes the scoping work that needs to be done before conducting an equity assessment and then describes and provides guiding questions for each of the six steps in the in-depth equity assessment process. | educational-materials | community-engagement data-equity diversity equity hsr-workforce-development impact-assessment intersectionality public-population-health structural-racism | office-of-the-assistant-secretary-for-planning-and-evaluation-aspe | |
Tools & Trainings | Intersectionality of Disability and Other Identities & Implicit Bias | This resource defines intersectionality and describes its manifestations in education. It also offers strategies for addressing implicit biases in Integrated Co-Teaching (ICT) classrooms and provides a list of anti-racist and intersectionality resources for educators. | educational-materials | disability equity intersectionality social-justice structural-racism | ||
Grey Literature | Lessons and Implications from Case Studies on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Interventions | This Horizon Scan provides an overview of existing DEI programs and practices to ultimately stimulate conversations and action that can advance DEI within health services and policy research. | grey-literature | academic-incentives career-advancement community-based-participatory-research data-sources equity hsr-workforce-development intersectionality organizational-change promotion-tenure structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation workforce-diversity | angela-gutierrez krystle-palma-cobain | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Levels of Racism: A Theoretic Framework and a Gardener’s Tale | This 3 level framework is useful for raising new hypotheses about the basis of race-associated differences in health outcomes, as well as for designing effective interventions to eliminate those differences. | peer-reviewed-literature | analytic-tools health-equity public-population-health social-determinants-of-health storytelling structural-racism systems-thinking | ||
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Listen to Black Women: Do Black Feminist and Womanist Health Policy Analyses | This commentary uses Black Feminism and Womanism (BFW) as epistemologies to critically address Black women’s health policy, building on the legacy of Black women’s experiences, theories, & knowledge production. | peer-reviewed-literature | analytic-tools community-engagement decolonizing-methods health-equity intersectionality political-determinants-of-health public-population-health social-determinants-of-health social-justice storytelling structural-racism | ||
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Making Communities More Visible: Equity-Centered Data to Achieve Health Equity | Despite decades of research exposing health disparities between populations and communities in the US, health equity goals remain largely unfulfilled. We argue these failures call for applying an equity lens in the way we approach data systems, from collection and analysis to interpretation and distribution. Hence, health equity requires data equity. There is notable federal interest in policy changes and federal investments to improve health equity. With this, we outline the opportunities to align these health equity goals with data equity by improving the way communities are engaged and how population data are collected, analyzed, interpreted, made accessible, and distributed. Policy priority areas for data equity include increasing the use of disaggregated data, increasing the use of currently underused federal data, building capacity for equity assessments, developing partnerships between government and community, and increasing data | peer-reviewed-literature | community-engagement data-equity data-quality health-equity political-determinants-of-health public-population-health social-determinants-of-health structural-racism | ||
Grey Literature | Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation | Examines the measurement of sex, gender identity, & sexual orientation to produce recommendations for specific measures that can be used in surveys & research, administrative, clinical, & other health settings. | grey-literature | analytic-tools data-governance data-quality data-sharing health-equity political-determinants-of-health translation-dissemination-implementation | ||
Grey Literature | Measuring Structural Racism: A Guide for Epidemiologists and Other Health Researchers | The goal of this commentary is to inspire the use of up-to-date and theoretically driven approaches to increase discourse among public health researchers on capturing racism as well as to improve evidence of its role as the fundamental cause of racial health inequities. | grey-literature | analytic-tools antiracist-methods data-equity health-equity intersectionality mixed-methods research-design social-determinants-of-health structural-racism | ||
Grey Literature | On Racism: A New Standard for Publishing On Racial Health Inequities | Despite racism?s alarming impact on health and the wealth of scholarship that outlines its ill effects, preeminent scholars and the journals that publish them routinely fail to interrogate racism as a critical driver of racial health inequities. | grey-literature | academic-incentives analytic-tools antiracist-methods ethics-review health-equity hsr-workforce-development intersectionality peer-review political-determinants-of-health public-population-health research-design social-determinants-of-health structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation | edwin-g-lindo lachelle-d-weeks monica-r-mclemore rhea-w-boyd | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Perceptions of Workplace Climate and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion within Health Services and Policy Research | Objective: To describe the perception of professional climate in health services and policy research (HSPR) and efforts to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the HSPR workforce and workplaces.Data source: We administered the HSPR Workplace Culture Survey online to health services and policy researchers. Study design: Our survey examined participants’ sociodemographic, educational, and professional backgrounds, their perception on DEI in HSPR, experience with DEI initiatives, feeling of inclusion, and direct and witnessed experiences of discrimination at their institutions/organizations. We calculated sample proportions of responses by gender identity, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and disability status and compared them with Fisher’s exact test. Data collection: We administered the survey online from July 28 to September 4, 2020. HSPR professionals and trainees aged 18 and older were eligible to participate. Analyses used complete cases only (n = 906; 70.6% completion rate). Principal findings: 53.4% of the participants did not believe that the current workforce reflects the diversity of communities impacted by HSPR. Although most participants have witnessed various DEI initiatives at their institutions/organizations, nearly 40% characterized these initiatives as “tokenistic.” Larger proportions of participants who identified as female, LGBQI+, underrepresented racial/ethnic groups, and those with a disability held this perception than their male, heterosexual, White, and non-disabled counterparts. Current DEI initiatives focused on “planning” activities (e.g., convening task forces) rather than “implementation” activities (e.g., establishing mentoring or network programs). 43.7% of the participants felt supported on their career development, while female, Black, Hispanic/Latino, LGBQI+ participants and those with a disability experienced discrimination at their workplace. Conclusions: Despite an increasing commitment to increasing the diversity of the HSPR workforce and improving equity and inclusion in the HSPR workplace, our results suggest that there is more work to be done to achieve such goals. | peer-reviewed-literature | antiracist-methods decolonizing-methods diversity impact-assessment promotion-tenure real-world-evidence structural-racism workforce-diversity | ||
Tools & Trainings | Race Equity Cycle Pulse Check | The Pulse Check is not a downloadable tool, it is an interactive application. Access to the Pulse Check means you are taking it on behalf of/as an organization rather than receiving permission to view all of the questions. | educational-materials | equity organizational-change structural-racism | equity-in-the-center | |
Tools & Trainings | Racial Equity Impact Assessment Toolkit | A Racial Equity Impact Assessment (REIA) is a systematic examination of how different racial and ethnic groups will likely be affected by a proposed action or decision. | educational-materials | analytic-tools antiracist-methods community-engagement diversity equity human-centered-design-2 impact-assessment organizational-change structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation | race-forward | |
Tools & Trainings | Racial Equity Tools: Resource Library | Tools, research, tips, and curricula for people who want to increase their own understanding and to help those working for racial justice at every level in systems, organizations, communities, & the culture at large. | educational-materials | analytic-tools antiracist-methods organizational-change structural-racism | ||
Grey Literature | Recommendations from the National Commission to Transform Public Health Data Systems | The Commission’s report and recommendations make it clear that in our current system, data on health inequities are divorced from the history and community conditions that shape poor health outcomes. | grey-literature | community-engagement data-equity data-infrastructure data-quality data-sharing data-sources health-equity open-science patient-consumer-engagement public-population-health structural-racism | ||
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Science, Society, and Dismantling Racism | This brief provides an overview of the origins of racial hierarchy, distinguishes between biological concepts ofrace and socially defined race, reviews perspectives on the meanings and uses of race, and describes ongoing andpotential efforts to address prevailing misunderstandings about race and racism. | peer-reviewed-literature | decolonizing-methods diversity health-equity intersectionality structural-racism | charmaine-d-m-royal | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Senior Level Administrators and HBCUs: The Role of Support for Black Women?s Success in STEM | While it is important for college and university senior administrators to embrace the traditional roles of their administrative positions, senior administrators interactions with students also shape institutional culture, students? engagement, and ultimately play a role in students’ motivation to succeed. This engagement is especially evident in the Historically Black College and University (HBCU) context as senior administrators’ engagement with students can directly or indirectly affect how students perceive themselves and their ability to succeed. This article aims to illuminate the role that HBCU senior level administrators play in students’ motivation toward success. We also highlight the notion that senior level administrator’s role in organizational culture ultimately led historically-disempowered Black women students toward success in even the most historically inaccessible pathways in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. The study used semi-structured interviews with 71 Black women STEM students across 10 HBCUs and asked questions to better understand how events in their lives and on their campuses shaped their choice to pursue and persist through a STEM degree program. The study found that the women were highly motivated by their HBCUs family-like community of support. Integral to this article, this support was not confined to professors and peers, but extended to senior administrators. We conclude that Black women STEM students’ perception of their ability to succeed and their motivation is influenced by the institution’s senior administration. | peer-reviewed-literature | historically-black-colleges-and-universities intersectionality social-determinants-of-health structural-racism | ||
Tools & Trainings | Series of antiracism toolkits for scholarly publishing | Taking the model from the American Alliance of Museums? guides for transgender inclusion, these toolkits provide a common framework for analysis, a shared vocabulary, and best practices to address racial disparities specific to the scholarly publishing community. | educational-materials | academic-incentives analytic-tools antiracist-methods career-advancement decolonizing-methods disability diversity equity hsr-workforce-development information-design intersectionality organizational-change promotion-tenure structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation workforce-diversity | coalition-for-diversity-inclusion-in-scholarly-communications | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Systemic Inequities in Indigenous Data Governance | There is no standardized practice for collecting race, ethnicity, and tribal affiliation data. Across law enforcement, criminal legal, and social service systems, there is no uniform standard for collecting race and ethnicity data and few entities collect tribal affiliation.* Most data on American Indian and Alaska Native populations are collected and maintained by non-Indigenous entities including city, county, state, and federal entities that may have limited experience working with tribal and urban Indian communities. As a result, data can vary from non-existent to fragmented including missing data, inaccurate data, and unanalyzed data. | peer-reviewed-literature | antiracist-methods data-infrastructure decolonizing-methods structural-racism | ||
Tools & Trainings | Target Populations Toolkit: Latinx Americans | This toolkit outlines best practices for recruitment, retention and engagement of latinx populations in research. | educational-materials | community-based-participatory-research data-sources intersectionality research-design research-governance | ||
Tools & Trainings | The Equitable Evaluation Framework | The current evaluation paradigm must shift and mindsets and practices evolve. The Equitable Evaluation Initiative’s Equitable Evaluation Framework provides principles and orthodoxies to guide organizations. | educational-materials | analytic-tools community-engagement equity organizational-change research-design research-funding social-justice structural-racism systems-thinking | ||
Peer-Reviewed Literature | The Generational Impact of Racism on Health: Voices from American Indian Communities | Using stories we collected from American Indian people who have experienced the results of racist policies, we describe historical trauma and its links to the health of American Indians and Alaska Natives. | peer-reviewed-literature | decolonizing-methods equity health-equity political-determinants-of-health public-population-health social-determinants-of-health storytelling structural-racism | ||
Multimedia | The Importance of Diversity and Equity in Medicine and Research: Healthcare Triage Podcast | In this episode, Dr. Brownsyne Tucker Edmonds and Dr. Sylk Sotto talk with Dr. Aaron Carroll about the importance of diversity and equity in research, higher education, and medicine. | media | academic-incentives diversity health-equity hsr-workforce-development organizational-change patient-centeredness promotion-tenure structural-racism workforce-diversity | aaron-carroll brownsyne-tucker-edmonds sylk-sotto | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House: Ten Critical Lessons for Black and Other Health Equity Researchers of Color | Using a blend of personal narrative and insights from a 23-year career as a Black critical health equity researcher, I share 10 critical lessons for Black and other health equity researchers of color. | peer-reviewed-literature | career-advancement community-engagement community-based-participatory-research decolonizing-methods health-equity impact-factor intersectionality mixed-methods promotion-tenure research-funding | ||
Peer-Reviewed Literature | The Mutually Reinforcing Cycle of Poor Data Quality and Racialized Stereotypes that Shapes Asian American Health | We provide recommendations on how to implement systems-level change and educational reform to infuse racial equity in future policy and practice for Asian American communities. | peer-reviewed-literature | antiracist-methods community-engagement data-infrastructure data-quality data-sources health-equity information-design political-determinants-of-health structural-racism systems-thinking | chau-trinh-shevrin iyanrick-john lan-n-doan nadia-s-islam rachel-suss simona-c-kwon stella-s-yi | |
Tools & Trainings | Tips for Conducting Equity Assessments | This content was initially created to inform federal staff at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. In an effort to increase collaboration and share promising practices, the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation has made this tool available for both public and private partners. | educational-materials | community-engagement data-quality health-equity impact-assessment intersectionality mixed-methods public-population-health research-governance social-determinants-of-health structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation | u-s-department-of-health-and-human-services-office-of-the-assistant-secretary-for-planning-and-evaluation | |
Peer-Reviewed Literature | Tools to Measure Health Literacy among Adult Hispanic Populations with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of the Literature | Health literacy (HL) is associated with short- and long-term health outcomes, and this is particularly relevant in Hispanics, who are disproportionally affected by lower HL. Hispanics have become the largest minority population in the United States. Also, Hispanics experience higher burdens of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than non-Hispanic whites. Thus, effectively choosing culturally appropriate validated instruments that measure a marker found in health assessments should be a serious consideration. This article assesses study design and instrument structures of eight different HL and numeracy instruments to determine how HL was measured across studies. | peer-reviewed-literature | health-equity patient-consumer-engagement social-determinants-of-health | ||
Grey Literature | Toward Health and Racial Equity: Findings and Lessons from Building Healthy Communities | The report highlights major lessons from the Building Healthy Communities initiative that contribute knowledge to philanthropy and to the on-going racial justice and health equity movement in California and the nation | grey-literature | analytic-tools community-engagement health-equity social-determinants-of-health social-justice structural-racism | cheryl-rodgers frank-farrow jennifer-henderson-frakes | |
Tools & Trainings | Truth, Racial Healing & Transformation Implementation Guidebook | This Implementation Guidebook will help individuals, organizations, communities and First Nations in planning, implementing and evaluating the W.K. Kellogg Foundation’s Truth, Racial Healing & Transformation efforts. | educational-materials | analytic-tools community-engagement decolonizing-methods equity implementation-science social-justice structural-racism | w-k-kellogg-foundation | |
Grey Literature | Truth, Racial Healing & Transformation: Resources & Lessons from Three Years of Community Collaboration | As 14 Truth, Racial Healing & Transformation places approach the fourth year of implementation, these briefs offer a glimpse into the opportunities, nuances & complexities of implementing a community-based collaboration. | grey-literature | analytic-tools antiracist-methods community-engagement engagement-science equity implementation-science political-determinants-of-health research-governance social-determinants-of-health social-justice structural-racism team-science translation-dissemination-implementation | ||
Grey Literature | Uncovering and Removing Data Bias in Healthcare | … | grey-literature | artificial-intelligence data-quality data-science diversity health-equity public-population-health | ||
Multimedia, Tools & Trainings | Understanding and Eliminating Bias in HSR Methods: Bringing it Home: How to Apply Anti-Racism Action Steps for Eliminating Bias | Margo Edmunds and Abdul Shaikh lead attendees through an exercise on priority-setting for methods and data followed by a discussion of the results of the exercise. | media educational-materials | antiracist-methods community-based-participatory-research hsr-workforce-development mixed-methods organizational-change research-design research-funding structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation workforce-diversity | ||
Multimedia, Tools & Trainings | Understanding and Eliminating Bias in HSR Methods: Current Controversies and Emerging Methods | Abdul Shaikh facilitates a discussion on emerging methods to advance health equity. Lisa Goldman Rosas presents on community-based participatory research, and Suzanne Tamang discusses how using big data can improve outcomes. | media educational-materials | antiracist-methods artificial-intelligence big-data community-based-participatory-research data-governance data-quality data-science hsr-workforce-development machine-learning natural-language-processing patient-consumer-engagement predictive-analytics-and-modeling research-design research-funding translation-dissemination-implementation | ||
Multimedia, Tools & Trainings | Understanding and Eliminating Bias in HSR Methods: Misclasification and Undercounts of “Race” and Ethnicity | In this session, presenters Ninez Ponce and Juanita Chinn describe approaches to improving data collection and analysis with Asian/Pacific Islander, Native American people, and other under-represented groups. | media educational-materials | antiracist-methods data-equity data-quality data-sharing data-sources hsr-workforce-development information-design political-determinants-of-health predictive-analytics-and-modeling public-population-health research-design | ||
Multimedia | Understanding and Eliminating Bias in HSR Methods: Reflections: What’s Next for Health Equity Research? | Derek Griffith draws on his experience developing strategies to improve Black men?s health and to achieve racial, ethnic and gender equity in health to reflect on future directions for health equity research. | media | antiracist-methods community-engagement health-equity hsr-workforce-development research-design social-determinants-of-health structural-racism syndemic-theory | ||
Multimedia, Tools & Trainings | Understanding and Eliminating Bias in HSR Methods: What Kinds of Biases Does the Field of HSR Need to Address? | Rashida Dorsey leads a conversation with J?Mag Karbeah, Reginald Tucker-Seeley, and Jameta Barlow on topic areas including structural racism, measuring and reporting health disparities, and understanding intersectionality. | media educational-materials | analytic-tools antiracist-methods data-quality decolonizing-methods health-equity hsr-workforce-development intersectionality mixed-methods political-determinants-of-health research-design social-determinants-of-health structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation | ||
Tools & Trainings | Upstream Communication Toolkit | Tools to improve communication about social needs, social determinants of health, and structural determinants of health equity. | educational-materials | health-equity public-population-health social-determinants-of-health translation-dissemination-implementation | ||
Multimedia | Webinar: Asking Better Questions, Making a Bigger Impact: A Changemaker Chat with Dr. Don Berwick and Dr. Rebekah Gee | A virtual coffee chat between two noted changemakers about how to better align health services research to the priorities of policymakers and health system leaders. | media | hsr-workforce-development improvement-science innovation political-determinants-of-health research-design research-funding translation-dissemination-implementation | ||
Multimedia | Webinar: Participatory Grantmaking: Learnings and Reflections | In 2021, Fund for Shared Insight launched a participatory grantmaking initiative exploring power-sharing around the decisions funders make in supporting advocacy and policy work aimed at issues of climate change and environmental justice. | media | citizen-science community-driven-research diversity equity ethics-review research-governance social-justice structural-racism | ||
Tools & Trainings | Why Am I Always Being Researched? A guidebook for community organizations, researchers, and funders to help us get from insufficient understanding to more authentic truth | This guidebook proposes an equity-based approach as a way to restore communities as the true authors and owners of research, and to shift the way researchers and funders work with community-based organizations to uncover knowledge together. | educational-materials | community-engagement community-driven-research equity hsr-workforce-development research-design research-funding research-governance social-justice structural-racism translation-dissemination-implementation |